(This resource corresponds to Module 3.)

Compliance checks are one of the most effective enforcement strategies for preventing youth drinking and smoking—if they are conducted regularly, randomly, and with publicity.¹ They are even more effective when accompanied by advanced training of merchants and servers about the relevant laws, the penalties for violation, and the best techniques for refusing sales or service. Compliance checks are most effective when servers and managers know that the law will be enforced or realize that they assume significant liability if they serve underage individuals.

Compliance checks typically play out in the following way: A youthful-appearing buyer attempts to purchase a six-pack of beer in a convenience or liquor store, or a single drink in a bar or restaurant, while an undercover police officer stands nearby to witness the transaction. Because single-purchase operations only test the behavior of one employee, compliance checks often consist of two separate buyers attempting to purchase on two separate occasions, especially in establishments where more than one employee sells or serves alcohol.

Before conducting compliance checks, law enforcement often notify all the retailers in an area that checks will be conducted, send educational packets in advance, and offer server training to businesses. Sometimes, though, the stings come without warning, especially when police are looking to gather data about the extent of the problem.

In a growing number of jurisdictions, community groups, such as local Mothers Against Drunk Driving affiliates, conduct their own undercover buying operations. Although they lack the authority to penalize the licensee, such operations help educate businesses about compliance, and identify weak links in retailers’ procedures. These programs have also been shown to be effective in increasing retailer compliance with sales and service laws.²

References

1. Preusser, D. F., Williams, A. F., and Weinstein, H. B. (1994). Policing underage alcohol sales. Journal of Safety Research, 25(3): 127–133; and Radecki, T. (1993). Compliance checks and other enforcement methods to deter underage drinking. Rockville, MD: CSAP.
   
   
2. Biglan, A., Henderson, J., Humphrey, D., Yasui, M., Whisman, R., Black, C., and James, L. (1995). Mobilizing positive reinforcement to reduce youth access to tobacco. Tobacco Control, 4, 42–48; and Lewis, R. J., Huebner, W. W., and Yarborough, C. M. (1996). Characteristics of participants and non participants in worksite health promotion. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 99–106.